Public Sub test()
    Dim pConn As New ADODB.Connection
    Dim pRSet As New ADODB.Recordset
    pConn.Open "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=C:\Path\Имя файла вашей базы данных.accdb;Persist Security Info=False;"
    pRSet.Open "Select CharacteristicsStateOfObjectComment From [Имя вашей таблицы] Where CharacteristicsStateOfObjectComment = 'foo'", pConn
    Stop
    pRSet.Close
    pConn.Close
End Sub

Sub Export()
    Dim Con As ADODB.Connection
    Set Con = New ADODB.Connection
    With Con
       .Provider = "Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0"
       .ConnectionString = "Data Source=C:\Path\Test.mdb;Persist Security Info=False"
       .Open
    End With
    Dim Cmd As ADODB.Command
    Set Cmd = New ADODB.Command
    Cmd.ActiveConnection = Con
    Cmd.CommandText = "insert into [Test] (Код, Test) values " _
    & "(@Код, @Test)"
    Cmd.Parameters.Append Cmd.CreateParameter("@Код", adInteger, adParamInput)
    Cmd.Parameters.Append Cmd.CreateParameter("@Test", adLongVarWChar, adParamInput, 2& ^ 31 - 1)
    Cmd.Parameters("@Test").Value = Worksheets("Лист2").Range("A1").Value
    Cmd.Parameters("@Код").Value = Worksheets("Лист2").Range("B1").Value
    Cmd.Execute
End Sub