Sub test()
    MsgBox GetMetadata(ThisWorkbook.Path & "\Раздел 5. Подраздел 4.3.pdf", "Modify Date*")
    ' выводит результат 2024:06:20 22:18:58+03:00
End Sub

Function GetMetadata(ByVal filename$, ByVal meta$)
    On Error Resume Next: Dim cmd$
    AppPath$ = ThisWorkbook.Path & "\exiftool.exe"
    cmd$ = """" & AppPath$ & """ -""" & meta$ & """ -charset Cyrillic """ & filename$ & """"
    GetMetadata = ShellRun(cmd$)
    GetMetadata = Trim(Replace(Split(GetMetadata, ":", 2)(1), vbNewLine, " "))
End Function

Public Function ShellRun(sCmd As String) As String
    On Error Resume Next: Dim oShell: Set oShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
    ShellRun = oShell.Exec(sCmd).StdOut.ReadAll
End Function

Sub PdfModifyDate()
  Const sFile = "D:\Downloads\Раздел 5. Подраздел 4.3.pdf"
  Const MASK = ":ModifyDate>"
  Dim FN%, s$, i&, j&, a
  FN = FreeFile
  s = Space(2000)
  Open sFile For Binary Access Read As #FN
  Get #FN, , s
  Close FN
  i = InStr(s, MASK) + Len(MASK)
  j = InStr(i, s, "+")
  s = Replace(Mid(s, i, j - i), "T", "-")
  a = Split(s, "-")
  s = a(2) & "." & a(1) & "." & a(0) & " " & a(3)
  MsgBox s, , sFile
End Sub